Federal districts of Russia Totally Explained

Everything about Federal Districts Of Russia totally explained

:The federal districts of Russia shouldn't be confused with the federal subjects of Russia. The federal districts (federalnyye okruga) are a level of administration for the convenience of the federal government of the Russian Federation. They are not the constituent units of Russia (with its federal subjects being the constituent units), but are mentioned more than the federal subjects in news and government. Each district includes several federal subjects and each federal district has a presidential envoy (whose official title is Plenipotentiary Representative). The official task of the Plenipotentiary Representative is simply to oversee the work of federal agencies in the regions, although in practice this oversight is extensive and of considerable consequence.
Federal districts' envoys serve as liaisons between the federal subjects and the federal government and are primarily responsible for overseeing the compliance of the federal subjects with the federal laws. For economic and statistical purposes the federal subjects are grouped into twelve economic regions. Economic regions and their parts sharing common economic trends are in turn grouped into economic zones and macrozones.

Description

Creation

The federal districts were created in May 2000 by Vladimir Putin as a part of a wider program designed to reassert federal authority. This wider program of reform included the Federation Council becoming indirectly elected, the scrutinizing of republican constitutions and regional charters, and the President gaining the right to dissolve subjects' parliaments and dismiss subjects' governments if they disobey federal law.

Function

The Plenipotentiary Representatives and their staff ascertain the extent of a subjects' violation of federal laws and norms. They also oversee the process of correction at a closer level than can the federal institutions in Moscow. They are therefore central to Putin's reassertion of federal authority. The creation of the federal districts has assisted in restricting laws and practices of the subjects which contravene federal law, for instance, the curtailment of citizens rights, the authoritarian practices of subjects' governors (or, in case of republics, their presidents), the manipulation of police and the control of the judiciary by subjects' governments, the strict control of journalism, and the manipulation of elections.
   Federal agencies, particularly in the justice system, had been "captured" by subjects' governments during the segmented federalism of the Yeltsin period. This process is being forestalled as Plenipotentiary Representatives ensure that agencies do the work for which they're intended rather than being brought under the influence of powerful local elites with vested interests.
   The Plenipotentiary Representatives are overseeing a system of rotation of federal employees throughout the regions in order to avoid them becoming dependent on local leaders.
   The federal districts coincide exactly with the Interior Ministry forces' military regions, and coincide closely with the Defense Ministry regions. This allows the Plenipotentiary Representatives to have direct access to the command structure of the military and security apparatus. This sends a clear message to the subjects that they must cooperate with the federal government, and is very useful for the Plenipotentiary Representatives.

Presidential plenipotentiary envoys

Central Federal District
- Georgy Poltavchenko (since May 18 2000)

Southern Federal District

Viktor Kazantsev (May 18 2000, – March 9 2004)
Vladimir Yakovlev (March 9 – September 13 2004)
Dmitry Kozak (September 13 2004 - September 24 2007)
Grigory Rapota

Northwestern Federal District

Viktor Cherkesov (May 18 2000, – March 11 2003)
Valentina Matviyenko (March 11 2003, – October 15 2003)
Ilya Klebanov (since November 1 2003)

Far Eastern Federal District

Konstantin Pulikovsky (May 18 2000, – November 14 2005)
Kamil Iskhakov (November 14 2005, - 2007)
Oleg Safonov (Since November 30 2007)

Siberian Federal District

Leonid Drachevskiy (May 18 2000, – September 9 2004)
Anatoly Kvashnin (since September 9 2004)

Urals Federal District

Pyotr Latyshev (since May 18 2000)

Volga Federal District

Sergei Kiriyenko (May 18 2000, – November 14 2005)
Alexandr Konovalov (since November 14 2005)

List of federal districts of Russia

Name of district	Area (km²)	Population (2002 est.)	Federal subjects	Administrative Center
Districts in Europe:
Central Federal District	652,800	38,000,651	18	Moscow
Northwestern Federal District	1,677,900	13,974,466	11	Saint Petersburg
Southern Federal District	589,200	22,907,141	13	Rostov-on-Don
Volga Federal District	1,038,000	31,154,744	14	Nizhny Novgorod
Districts in Asia:
Far Eastern Federal District	6,215,900	6,692,865	9	Khabarovsk
Siberian Federal District	5,114,800	20,062,938	12	Novosibirsk
Urals Federal District	1,788,900	12,373,926	6	Yekaterinburg

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